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English • Vocabulary

Synonyms In Context

Context vocabulary questions test meaning inside a sentence, not dictionary memory alone.

Key Points

  • Read the whole sentence first.
  • Mark contrast, cause-effect and tone words.
  • Choose the option that fits the sentence direction.
  • Reject familiar meanings that do not fit the context.

Worked Example

If a sentence says, 'Although the task looked simple, it was arduous,' the contrast tells us arduous means difficult.

Common trap: Choosing a word you know without checking whether it fits the sentence.

Context vocabulary میں لفظ کا مطلب پورے جملے کے اندر دیکھا جاتا ہے، صرف رٹا ہوا معنی کافی نہیں ہوتا۔

Mathematics • Quantitative Reasoning

Percentages

Percentage questions compare change with the original value. The original value is the base.

Key Points

  • Write original value first.
  • Find the change.
  • Use change/original x 100.
  • For increase then decrease, calculate step by step.

Worked Example

If 80 becomes 100, the increase is 20. Percentage increase = 20/80 x 100 = 25%.

Common trap: Using the final value as the denominator when the question asks for increase from the original.

Percentage میں اصل قیمت کو base بنایا جاتا ہے؛ final value کو denominator بنانے سے جواب غلط ہو جاتا ہے۔

English • Reading Comprehension

Main Idea

Main idea questions ask for the central point, not one small detail from the passage.

Key Points

  • Find what the whole passage is mostly about.
  • Ignore options that are too narrow.
  • Avoid extreme claims not supported by the passage.
  • Check the writer's purpose.

Worked Example

If a passage says practice improves when connected to feedback, the main idea is that feedback makes practice more effective.

Common trap: Selecting a true detail instead of the central claim.

Main idea میں پورے passage کا مرکزی خیال مطلوب ہوتا ہے، کوئی چھوٹی detail نہیں۔

Biology • Science Concepts

Cell Biology

Cell biology questions usually test organelle functions and basic cell structure.

Key Points

  • Learn organelles by function first.
  • Connect mitochondria with ATP.
  • Connect ribosomes with protein synthesis.
  • Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Worked Example

If a question asks for the powerhouse of the cell, the answer is mitochondrion because mitochondria produce ATP.

Common trap: Memorising organelle names without remembering their functions.

Cell Biology میں organelles کے نام کے ساتھ ان کا کام یاد رکھنا ضروری ہے۔